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“Let’s reverse the viewpoint to that of other stars and ask from which vantage point other observers could find Earth as a transiting planet,” Lisa Kaltenegger, associate professor of astronomy at Cornell University’s Carl Sagan Institute stated.
Astronomers identified 1,004 stellar systems featuring a Sun-like star and exoplanets orbiting within their habitable zone, with moderate temperatures.
One key to the study was searching for worlds in line with the Earth’s ecliptic — the plane drawn out by our planet as it orbits the Sun. Alien astronomers on worlds roughly in line with our orbit would see the Earth pass in front of the Sun.
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Something in the air
“I believe alien life is quite common in the universe, although intelligent life is less so. Some say it has yet to appear on planet Earth.” — Stephen Hawking
Light passing through our atmosphere would reveal the presence of large concentrations of oxygen, along with methane and other gases revealing life on our world.
Astronomers are just now developing the ability to search the atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars, looking for telltale signs of life. In the coming years, astronomers could find the chemical fingerprints of life on other worlds.
In the video below, Lisa Kaltenegger of Cornell University discusses her study of worlds where extraterrestrials may be able to detect life on Earth. (Video credit: Cornell University)
The James Webb Space Telescope, due for launch in 2021, will be capable of searching the atmospheres of distant planets, searching for the telltale signs of life.
“The main way we identify planets orbiting distant stars is by measuring regular dips in starlight caused by planets blocking out bits of their sun,” Dr. Barnaby Norris of the University of Sydney stated.
Don’t twinkle, twinkle little star…
Movements in Earth’s atmosphere create the twinkling commonly seen in stars. Although beautiful on a starlit night, it plays havoc with astronomical observations. Because of this, nearly all exoplanet discoveries were made using space-based telescopes.
Adaptive optics utilize a laser to measure distortion in the atmosphere. This information is fed to computerized motors which warp mirrors, correcting for the flickering.
A new photonic wavefront sensor developed at the University of Sydney uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to correct for this distortion on ground-based telescopes. This could allow astronomers to search exoplanets for the chemical fingerprints of life.
“If we’re looking for intelligent life in the universe, that could find us and might want to get in touch. We’ve just created the star map of where we should look first,” Kaltenegger said.
Some of the stars identified in this study can be seen from Earth without the need for binoculars or a telescope. Always remember, as you look up at the stars, that someone — something — up there may be looking back at us.
