Phala, the key to the world of privacy:
Technology:
- TEE Computing Environment:
TEE (Trust Execution Environment) is a special hardware component isolated from the rest of the system. With independent registers, cache and encrypted memory area, its operation is completely independent of the operating system, virtual machine monitor (VMM) , BIOS and other core components. Separate TEE has limited functionalities, but Phala combines TEE and blockchain to complement the advantages of TEE and blockchain to form a secure and efficient distributed computing cloud.
- Full Lifetime Trusted Communication:
We have completed the construction of the TEE network through the full-lifetime trusted communication between “TEE - Blockchain - User”. All the TEE workers are registered on the blockchain and verified by the remote attestation protocol. The built-in GRANDPA light client in the TEE secures the communication between the blockchain and the TEE. Finally, the communication between the user and the TEE is end-to-unencrypted with the Diffie-Hellman algorithm.
- Separation of Consensus and Computation:
Phala adopts a distributed computing architecture that separates computation and consensus. Thanks to the flexibility of the TEE network, Phala achieves grate scalability that is capable for confidential cloud computing. Phala’s adopts the NPoS consensus consistent with Polkadot. The NPoS (Nominated Proof of Stake) consensus algorithm is used to elect the validator set that can make the system safer and more efficient. The Phragmen algorithm prevents any group from being over-representative or under-representative. Phala’s computation layer adopts permission less node registration, staking economics and random scheduling. Computation tasks are be randomly dispatched to the TEE around the world. The design of confidential contract guarantees the data availability.
- Composability of Blockchains and Contracts:
Phala is built on Substrate. Therefore it's naturally interoperable with Polkadot ecosystem. We plan to become a Polkadot parachain, which can serve the entire Polkadot parachain ecosystem, as well as other blockchain developers. The highlight of Phala Network's heterogeneous architecture is that Phala confidential contracts are designed with interoperability in our mind. It's based on XCMP to achieve interoperability and composability between contract and blockchains.
Applications and Use Cases:
- Confidential DeFi and Dapps.
- Cross-chain Confidentiality Layer.
- Trust less Privacy Data Computation and Exchange.
- Artificial Intelligence & Healthcare.
- Joint Risk Control.
- Make Your First Confidential Contract...
The Protocol:
- Users:
Users invoke, query and deploy smart contracts. Users interact with smart contracts via Blockchain and Worker Nodes. They can verify the blockchain as well as the cryptographic evidence on the blockchain independently by running a light client or full node. No special hardware, i.e., TEE, is needed for users to use the confidential contracts.
- Worker Nodes:
Worker Nodes run confidential contracts in TEE-compatible hardware's. Worker Nodes are off-chain. In each node, a special program called (pRuntime) is deployed to the enclave. The runtime has a built-in VM to run contracts. Their also cooperates with the blockchain to support the contracts in full life cycle. Worker Nodes can be further divided into three roles:
- Genesis Node:
Genesis Node helps bootstrap the network and set up the cryptographic configuration. There’s only one Genesis Node and it’s destroyed after the launch of Phala Network.
- Gatekeepers:
Gatekeepers manage the secrets to ensure the availability and security of the network. Gatekeepers are dynamically elected on the blockchain and they stake a large amount of Phala token. They are rewarded for being online and slashed in case of misbehaviour because there must be a certain number of functional Gatekeepers running at any time.
- Miners:
Miners execute the confidential contracts. They get paid by providing their computing resources to the users. Unlike Gatekeepers, Miners only need to stake a small amount of the Phala token and can join and exit the network as they want.
- Remote Attestation Service:
Remote Attestation Service is a public service to validate if a Worker Node has deployed (p Runtime) correctly. The cryptographic evidence produced by the service can prove a certain output is produced by (p Runtime) running inside a TEE. IAS is Intel SGX’s remote attestation service implementation.
- Blockchain:
Blockchain is the backbone of Phala Network. It stores the identities of the Worker Nodes, the published confidential contracts, the encrypted contract state, and the invocation transactions from users and other blockchains. When plugged into a Polkadot parachain slot, it’s capable to interoperate with other blockchains through the Polkadot relay chain.
Example: Roles in the Protocol.
Token Utility & Tokenomics:
- Confidential computing resources:
CPU time, on-chain storage, network bandwidth, off-chain storage, and more resources.
- Native token for confidential contracts:
Phala provides a wide-ranged infrastructure including cross-chain confidential widgets, and trust less general-purpose computing platform. All these features are accessible with PHA.
- Security guarantee:
To be a Gatekeeper one must stake a certain amount of PHA. The stake would be fined and took if he betrayed Gatekeeper rules.
- Governance:
Stakeholders who owns a certain amount of PHA would be able to join Phala DAO to further participate in community governance.
- Other payments:
Settlements for other services or products such as Web3 Analytics, cross chain bridges for permission less chains.
Distribution:
- 5% Team Reward.
- 15% Token Sale.
- 1% Reward for test net.
- 9% Airdrop.
- 70% Matrix mining.
Warning : Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research before making any decision.
Thanks to all.
The best regards and be save out there.
Native Crypto.
